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Bernard Shaw

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George Bernard Shaw (26/07/1856 – 02/11/1950) sinh ra ở Dublin, Ireland, sau di cư sang London, Anh, là "cha đẻ" của kịch ý niệm hiện đại, "một trong những nhà viết kịch xuất sắc nhất trong thời đại". Ông còn là một nhà hoạt động chính trị thành công, người đấu tranh cho bình đẳng nam nữ và công bằng xã hội. Cho đến nay, ông là người duy nhất trên thế giới được nhận hai giải thưởng cao quý: giải Nobel Văn học (năm 1925) và giải Oscar (năm 1938).

Năm 1923, vở Saint Joan (Nữ thánh Joan) ra đời và được đánh giá là đỉnh cao trong sự nghiệp sáng tác của Shaw. Shaw dùng tiền thưởng của giải thành lập Quỹ Văn học dành cho các tác giả viết kịch. Ông mất năm 1950 tại nhà riêng ở Hertfrordshire, Anh.

Tác phẩm tiêu biểu:

  • Immaturity (Non nớt, 1879), tiểu thuyết
  • The Irrational Knot (Cuộc hôn nhân không hợp lí, 1880), tiểu thuyết
  • Love Among the Artists (Tình nghệ sĩ, 1881), tiểu thuyết
  • Cashel Byron's Profession (Nghề của Cashel Byron, 1882), tiểu thuyết
  • An Unsocial Socialist (Một người xã hội chủ nghĩa phi xã hội, 1884), tiểu thuyết
  • The Man of Destiny (Con người của số phận, 1885), kịch
  • You Never Can Tell (Bạn chẳng bao giờ nói được, 1886), kịch
  • The quintessense of Ibsenism (Tinh túy của chủ nghĩa Ibsen, 1891), khảo cứu
  • Widowers' Houses (Những ngôi nhà của những người góa vợ, 1892), kịch
  • The Philanderer (Anh chàng hào hoa, 1893), kịch
  • Arms and the Man (Vũ khí và con người, 1894), kịch
  • The Devil's Disciple (Đồ đệ của quỷ, 1896-1897), kịch
  • Caesar and Cleopatra (Caesar và Cleopatra, 1901), kịch
  • Mrs. Warren's Profession (Nghề nghiệp của bà Warren, 1902), kịch
  • Man and Superman (Con người và siêu nhân, 1903), kịch
  • John Bull's Other Island (Hòn đảo khác của John Bull, 1904), kịch
  • Major Barbara (Thiếu tá Barbara, 1905), kịch
  • The Doctor's Dilemma (Tình trạng tiến thoái lưỡng nan của người bác sĩ, 1906), kịch
  • Fanny's Frist Play (Vở kịch đầu tay của Fanny, 1909), kịch
  • The Shewing Up of Blanco Posnet (Vạch trần Blanco Posnet, 1909), kịch
  • Misalliance (1910), kịch
  • Pygmalion (1912), kịch
  • Androcles and the Lion (Androcles và sư tử, 1913), kịch
  • Common Sense about the War (Suy nghĩ lành mạnh về chiến tranh, 1914), tiểu luận
  • Augustus does his bit (Augustus thực hiện nghĩa vụ của mình, 1917), kịch
  • Heartbreak House (Ngôi nhà trái tim tan vỡ, 1919), kịch
  • Back to Methuselah (Trở lại Methuselah, 1921), kịch
  • Saint Joan (Nữ thánh Joan, 1923), kịch
  • The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism (Cẩm nang về chủ nghĩa xã hội và chủ nghĩa tư bản dành cho phụ nữ, 1928), tiểu thuyết tường thuật
  • The Apple Cart (Xe chở táo, 1929), kịch
  • Too True To Be Good (Xấu nhưng là sự thật, 1931), kịch
  • On the Rocks (Mắc cạn, 1933), kịch
  • Millionainess (Nữ triệu phú, 1936), hài kịch
  • Buoyant Billions (Bạc tỉ của Buoyant, 1946-1948), kịch
  • Shakes versus Shaw (Shakes chống lại Shaw, 1949), kịch
  • Farfetched fables (Những truyện ngụ ngôn khó tin, 1950), kịch
On the Prospects of Christianity

On the Prospects of Christianity

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Miễn phí
Why not give Christianity a trial? The question seems a hopeless one after 2000 years of resolute adherence to the old cry of "Not this man, but Barabbas." Yet it is beginning to look as if Barabbas was a failure, in spite of his strong right hand, his victories, his empires, his millions of money, and his moralities and churches and political constitutions. "This man" has not been a failure...
Overruled

Overruled

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Miễn phí
Overruled (1912) is a comic one-act play written during by George Bernard Shaw. In Shaw's words, it is about "how polygamy occurs among quite ordinary people innocent of all unconventional views concerning it." The play concerns two couples who desire to switch partners, but are prevented from doing so by various considerations and end up negotiating an ambiguous set of...
Press Cuttings

Press Cuttings

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Miễn phí
The forenoon of the first of April, 1911. General Mitchener is at his writing table in the War Office, opening letters. On his left is the fireplace, with a fire burning. On his right, against the opposite wall is a standing desk with an office stool. The door is in the wall behind him, half way between the table and the desk. The table is not quite in the middle of the room: it is nearer to the...
Pygmalion

Pygmalion

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Miễn phí
Pygmalion is a play by George Bernard Shaw, named after a Greek mythological character. It was first presented on stage to the public in 1913.  Professor of phonetics Henry Higgins makes a bet that he can train a bedraggled Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to pass for a duchess at an ambassador's garden party by teaching her to assume a...
Revolutionist's Handbook and Pocket Companion

Revolutionist's Handbook and Pocket Companion

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Miễn phí
A revolutionist is one who desires to discard the existing social order and try another.  The constitution of England is revolutionary. To a Russian or Anglo–Indian bureaucrat, a general election is as much a revolution as a referendum or plebiscite in which the people fight instead of voting. The French Revolution overthrew one set of rulers and substituted another with different...
The Admirable Bashville; Or, Constancy Unrewarded

The Admirable Bashville; Or, Constancy Unrewarded

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Miễn phí
The Admirable Bashville is a product of the British law of copyright. As that law stands at present, the first person who patches up a stage version of a novel, how- ever worthless and absurd that version may be, and has it read by himself and a few confederates to another con- federate who has paid for admission in a hall licensed for theatrical performances, secures the stage rights of that...
The Dark Lady of the Sonnets

The Dark Lady of the Sonnets

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Miễn phí
The Dark Lady of the Sonnets is a 1910 short comedy by George Bernard Shaw in which William Shakespeare, intending to meet the "Dark Lady", accidentally encounters Queen Elizabeth I and attempts to persuade her to create a national theatre. The play was written as part of a campaign to create a "Shakespeare National Theatre" by 1916.  The play is set at "Fin de siecle...
The Devil's Disciple

The Devil's Disciple

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Miễn phí
The Devil's Disciple is an 1897 play written by Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw. The play is Shaw's eighth, and after Richard Mansfield's original 1897 American production it was his first financial success, which helped to affirm his career as a playwright. It was published in Shaw's 1901 collection Three Plays for Puritans together with Captain Brassbound's...
The Doctor's Dilemma

The Doctor's Dilemma

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Miễn phí
The eponymous dilemma of the play is that of the newly honoured doctor Sir Colenso Ridgeon, who has developed a revolutionary new cure for tuberculosis. However, his private medical practice, with limited staff and resources, can only treat ten patients at a time. From a selection of fifty patients he has selected ten he believes he can cure and who, he believes, are most worthy of being saved....
The Inca of Perusalem: An Almost Historical Comedietta

The Inca of Perusalem: An Almost Historical Comedietta

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Miễn phí
The Inca of Perusalem, An Almost Historical Comedietta (1915) is a comic one-act play written during World War I by George Bernard Shaw. The plot appears at first to be a fairy-tale like story about a fantastical "Inca", but it eventually becomes obvious that the Inca is Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.  In a prologue a character called Ermyntrude says that though she...
The Irrational Knot

The Irrational Knot

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Miễn phí
This novel was written in the year 1880, only a few years after I had exported myself from Dublin to London in a condition of extreme rawness and inexperience concerning the specifically English side of the life with which the book pretends to deal. Everybody wrote novels then. It was my second attempt; and it shared the fate of my first. That is to say, nobody would publish it, though I tried...
The Man of Destiny

The Man of Destiny

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Miễn phí
The Man of Destiny is an 1897 play by George Bernard Shaw, set in Italy during the early career of Napoleon. It was published as a part of Plays Pleasant, which also included Arms and the Man, Candida and You Never Can Tell. Shaw titled the volume Plays Pleasant in order to contrast it with his first book of plays, Plays...
The Miraculous Revenge

The Miraculous Revenge

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Miễn phí
I arrived in Dublin on the evening of the fifth of August, and drove to the residence of my uncle, the Cardinal Archbishop. He is like most of my family, deficient in feeling, and consequently averse to me personally. He lives in a dingy house, with a side-long view of the portico of his cathedral from the front windows, and of a monster national school from the back. My uncle maintains no...
The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring

The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring

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Miễn phí
The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring (originally published London, 1898) is a philosophical commentary on Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, by the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw.  Shaw offered it to those enthusiastic admirers of Wagner who "were unable to follow his ideas, and do not in the least understand the dilemma of Wotan."...
The Philanderer

The Philanderer

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Miễn phí
The Philanderer is a play by George Bernard Shaw. It was written in 1893 but the strict British Censorship laws at the time meant that it was not produced on stage until 1902. It is one of the three plays Shaw published as Plays Unpleasant in 1898, alongside Widowers' Houses and Mrs Warren's Profession. The volume was written to raise awareness of social...
The Shewing-up of Blanco Posnet

The Shewing-up of Blanco Posnet

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Miễn phí
The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet: A Sermon in Crude Melodrama is a one-act play by George Bernard Shaw, first produced in in 1909. Shaw describes the play as a religious tract in dramatic form. In 1909 Shaw jousted with governmental censorship, as personified by The Examiner Of Plays, an agency acting under the auspices of the Lord Chamberlain. The outcome, unsatisfactory to Shaw, is reviewed...
Treatise on Parents and Children

Treatise on Parents and Children

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Miễn phí
This collection of essays about the relationship between parents and children and also bringing up children in regards to manners, rules and schools is kind of amazing.
You Never Can Tell

You Never Can Tell

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Miễn phí
The play is set in a seaside town and tells the story of Mrs Clandon and her three children, Dolly, Phillip and Gloria, who have just returned to England after an eighteen-year stay in Madeira.  The children have no idea who their father is and, through a comedy of errors, end up inviting him to a family lunch. At the same time a dentist named Valentine has fallen in love with the...

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