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Bernard Shaw

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George Bernard Shaw (26/07/1856 – 02/11/1950) sinh ra ở Dublin, Ireland, sau di cư sang London, Anh, là "cha đẻ" của kịch ý niệm hiện đại, "một trong những nhà viết kịch xuất sắc nhất trong thời đại". Ông còn là một nhà hoạt động chính trị thành công, người đấu tranh cho bình đẳng nam nữ và công bằng xã hội. Cho đến nay, ông là người duy nhất trên thế giới được nhận hai giải thưởng cao quý: giải Nobel Văn học (năm 1925) và giải Oscar (năm 1938).

Năm 1923, vở Saint Joan (Nữ thánh Joan) ra đời và được đánh giá là đỉnh cao trong sự nghiệp sáng tác của Shaw. Shaw dùng tiền thưởng của giải thành lập Quỹ Văn học dành cho các tác giả viết kịch. Ông mất năm 1950 tại nhà riêng ở Hertfrordshire, Anh.

Tác phẩm tiêu biểu:

  • Immaturity (Non nớt, 1879), tiểu thuyết
  • The Irrational Knot (Cuộc hôn nhân không hợp lí, 1880), tiểu thuyết
  • Love Among the Artists (Tình nghệ sĩ, 1881), tiểu thuyết
  • Cashel Byron's Profession (Nghề của Cashel Byron, 1882), tiểu thuyết
  • An Unsocial Socialist (Một người xã hội chủ nghĩa phi xã hội, 1884), tiểu thuyết
  • The Man of Destiny (Con người của số phận, 1885), kịch
  • You Never Can Tell (Bạn chẳng bao giờ nói được, 1886), kịch
  • The quintessense of Ibsenism (Tinh túy của chủ nghĩa Ibsen, 1891), khảo cứu
  • Widowers' Houses (Những ngôi nhà của những người góa vợ, 1892), kịch
  • The Philanderer (Anh chàng hào hoa, 1893), kịch
  • Arms and the Man (Vũ khí và con người, 1894), kịch
  • The Devil's Disciple (Đồ đệ của quỷ, 1896-1897), kịch
  • Caesar and Cleopatra (Caesar và Cleopatra, 1901), kịch
  • Mrs. Warren's Profession (Nghề nghiệp của bà Warren, 1902), kịch
  • Man and Superman (Con người và siêu nhân, 1903), kịch
  • John Bull's Other Island (Hòn đảo khác của John Bull, 1904), kịch
  • Major Barbara (Thiếu tá Barbara, 1905), kịch
  • The Doctor's Dilemma (Tình trạng tiến thoái lưỡng nan của người bác sĩ, 1906), kịch
  • Fanny's Frist Play (Vở kịch đầu tay của Fanny, 1909), kịch
  • The Shewing Up of Blanco Posnet (Vạch trần Blanco Posnet, 1909), kịch
  • Misalliance (1910), kịch
  • Pygmalion (1912), kịch
  • Androcles and the Lion (Androcles và sư tử, 1913), kịch
  • Common Sense about the War (Suy nghĩ lành mạnh về chiến tranh, 1914), tiểu luận
  • Augustus does his bit (Augustus thực hiện nghĩa vụ của mình, 1917), kịch
  • Heartbreak House (Ngôi nhà trái tim tan vỡ, 1919), kịch
  • Back to Methuselah (Trở lại Methuselah, 1921), kịch
  • Saint Joan (Nữ thánh Joan, 1923), kịch
  • The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism (Cẩm nang về chủ nghĩa xã hội và chủ nghĩa tư bản dành cho phụ nữ, 1928), tiểu thuyết tường thuật
  • The Apple Cart (Xe chở táo, 1929), kịch
  • Too True To Be Good (Xấu nhưng là sự thật, 1931), kịch
  • On the Rocks (Mắc cạn, 1933), kịch
  • Millionainess (Nữ triệu phú, 1936), hài kịch
  • Buoyant Billions (Bạc tỉ của Buoyant, 1946-1948), kịch
  • Shakes versus Shaw (Shakes chống lại Shaw, 1949), kịch
  • Farfetched fables (Những truyện ngụ ngôn khó tin, 1950), kịch
The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring

The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring

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Miễn phí
The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring (originally published London, 1898) is a philosophical commentary on Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, by the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw.  Shaw offered it to those enthusiastic admirers of Wagner who "were unable to follow his ideas, and do not in the least understand the dilemma of Wotan."...
Treatise on Parents and Children

Treatise on Parents and Children

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This collection of essays about the relationship between parents and children and also bringing up children in regards to manners, rules and schools is kind of amazing.
The Dark Lady of the Sonnets

The Dark Lady of the Sonnets

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The Dark Lady of the Sonnets is a 1910 short comedy by George Bernard Shaw in which William Shakespeare, intending to meet the "Dark Lady", accidentally encounters Queen Elizabeth I and attempts to persuade her to create a national theatre. The play was written as part of a campaign to create a "Shakespeare National Theatre" by 1916.  The play is set at "Fin de siecle...
Overruled

Overruled

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Miễn phí
Overruled (1912) is a comic one-act play written during by George Bernard Shaw. In Shaw's words, it is about "how polygamy occurs among quite ordinary people innocent of all unconventional views concerning it." The play concerns two couples who desire to switch partners, but are prevented from doing so by various considerations and end up negotiating an ambiguous set of...
Maxims for Revolutionists

Maxims for Revolutionists

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Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same. Never resist temptation: prove all things: hold fast that which is good. Do not love your neighbor as yourself. If you are on good terms with yourself it is an impertinence: if on bad, an injury. The golden rule is that there are no golden rules.
Press Cuttings

Press Cuttings

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The forenoon of the first of April, 1911. General Mitchener is at his writing table in the War Office, opening letters. On his left is the fireplace, with a fire burning. On his right, against the opposite wall is a standing desk with an office stool. The door is in the wall behind him, half way between the table and the desk. The table is not quite in the middle of the room: it is nearer to the...
On the Prospects of Christianity

On the Prospects of Christianity

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Why not give Christianity a trial? The question seems a hopeless one after 2000 years of resolute adherence to the old cry of "Not this man, but Barabbas." Yet it is beginning to look as if Barabbas was a failure, in spite of his strong right hand, his victories, his empires, his millions of money, and his moralities and churches and political constitutions. "This man" has not been a failure...
Misalliance

Misalliance

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Miễn phí
Misalliance is a play written in 1909–1910 by George Bernard Shaw. The play takes place entirely on a single Saturday afternoon in the conservatory of a large country house in Hindhead, Surrey in Edwardian era England.  It is a continuation of some of the ideas on marriage that he expressed in 1908 in his play, Getting Married. It was...
Major Barbara

Major Barbara

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Major Barbara is a three act play by George Bernard Shaw, written and premiered in 1905 and first published in1907. The story involves an idealistic young woman, Barbara Undershaft, who is engaged in helping the poor as an official (a Major) in the Salvation Army in London. For many years Barbara and her siblings have been estranged from their father, Andrew Undershaft, who...
Revolutionist's Handbook and Pocket Companion

Revolutionist's Handbook and Pocket Companion

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A revolutionist is one who desires to discard the existing social order and try another.  The constitution of England is revolutionary. To a Russian or Anglo–Indian bureaucrat, a general election is as much a revolution as a referendum or plebiscite in which the people fight instead of voting. The French Revolution overthrew one set of rulers and substituted another with different...
The Inca of Perusalem: An Almost Historical Comedietta

The Inca of Perusalem: An Almost Historical Comedietta

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The Inca of Perusalem, An Almost Historical Comedietta (1915) is a comic one-act play written during World War I by George Bernard Shaw. The plot appears at first to be a fairy-tale like story about a fantastical "Inca", but it eventually becomes obvious that the Inca is Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.  In a prologue a character called Ermyntrude says that though she...
The Admirable Bashville; Or, Constancy Unrewarded

The Admirable Bashville; Or, Constancy Unrewarded

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Miễn phí
The Admirable Bashville is a product of the British law of copyright. As that law stands at present, the first person who patches up a stage version of a novel, how- ever worthless and absurd that version may be, and has it read by himself and a few confederates to another con- federate who has paid for admission in a hall licensed for theatrical performances, secures the stage rights of that...
Cashel Byron's Profession

Cashel Byron's Profession

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Cashel Byron's Profession is George Bernard Shaw's fourth novel. The novel was written in 1882 and after rejection by several publishers it was published in serialized form in a socialist magazine. The novel was later published as a book in England and the United States. Shaw wrote five novels early in his career and then abandoned them to pursue politics, drama criticism...
Captain Brassbound's Conversion

Captain Brassbound's Conversion

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Captain Brassbound's Conversion (1900) is a play by G. Bernard Shaw. It was published in Shaw's 1901 collection Three Plays for Puritans (together with Caesar and Cleopatra and The Devil's Disciple). The first American production of the play starred Ellen Terry in 1907. The play explores the relationship between the law, justice, revenge and...
The Miraculous Revenge

The Miraculous Revenge

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Miễn phí
I arrived in Dublin on the evening of the fifth of August, and drove to the residence of my uncle, the Cardinal Archbishop. He is like most of my family, deficient in feeling, and consequently averse to me personally. He lives in a dingy house, with a side-long view of the portico of his cathedral from the front windows, and of a monster national school from the back. My uncle maintains no...
Great Catherine (Whom Glory Still Adores)

Great Catherine (Whom Glory Still Adores)

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Miễn phí
Great Catherine: Whom Glory Still Adores is a 1913 one-act play by Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw. It was written between two of his other 1913 plays, Pygmalion and The Music Cure. It tells the story of a prim British visitor to the court of the sexually uninhibited Catherine the Great of Russia. The plot focuses on Captain Charles Edstaston, a...
Fanny's First Play

Fanny's First Play

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Fanny's First Play is a 1911 play by George Bernard Shaw. It was first performed as an anonymous piece, the authorship of which was to be kept secret. However, critics soon recognised it as the work of Shaw. It opened at the Adelphi Theatre at Westminster in London on 19 April 1911 and ran for 622 performances. The mystery over the authorship helped to publicise it....
An Unsocial Socialist

An Unsocial Socialist

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Miễn phí
Unsocial Socialist was published in 1887, having been written in 1883. The tale begins with a humorous description of student antics at a girl's school then changes focus to a seemingly uncouth laborer who, it soon develops, is really a wealthy gentleman in hiding from his overly affectionate wife. He needs the freedom gained by matrimonial truancy to promote the socialistic cause, to which...
The Philanderer

The Philanderer

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Miễn phí
The Philanderer is a play by George Bernard Shaw. It was written in 1893 but the strict British Censorship laws at the time meant that it was not produced on stage until 1902. It is one of the three plays Shaw published as Plays Unpleasant in 1898, alongside Widowers' Houses and Mrs Warren's Profession. The volume was written to raise awareness of social...

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